•     Frederick Herzberg states that people in the workplace are influenced by two factors-

Motivation factors- Satisfaction and psychological growth

Hygiene factors- Dissatisfaction

•     Herzberg developed this theory during an investigation of 200 engineers and accountants

•     The significance of the theory

•     Job satisfiers deal with factors involved in doing a job and job dissatisfiers deal with elements that define job context

•     These ideas relate to modern ethical management, social responsibility, and the psychological contract

•     Herzberg’s theory is an attempt to manage people properly as well as bring humanity and caring into the workplace

•     His research showed that individuals will strive to achieve “hygiene” needs because they are not satisfied without them. However, satisfaction is temporary

•     Most individuals are only truly motivated by enabling them to be able to satisfy the factors that Herzberg identified such as advancement, development, and achievement

•     Data were collected from 200 engineers and accountants in the Pittsburgh area

•     Each respondent listed events that marked changes in feelings in the workplace and also other interpretations of what factors led to their satisfaction in the workplace such as:

            Achievement

            Intrinsic interest in the work done

            Advancement

            Responsibility

•     What do most individuals want from their jobs?

•     Do employees just want to make a higher salary?

            Security?

            Opportunities for advancement?

            Good relationships with their co-workers?

            Or something else?

•     By analyzing these interviews, Herzberg found that job characteristic related to the nature of the work an individual performs

•     However, he found that the absence of gratifying job characteristics did not appear to lead to dissatisfaction or unhappiness

•     Instead, he found that dissatisfaction resulted from unfavorable assessments

•     Purpose of the study and what it means in today’s workplace

•     Purpose of the study was to develop the Herzberg theory and its application to an organization in order to increase its worker’s productivity

•     The Two-Factor Theory is one of the most known and accepted job enrichment methods used today

•     The study caused considerable controversy among behaviorists

•     A sense of achievement meaning employees will know that due to their hard work, the business will be grow

•     Recognition of workers contribution. Giving credit to the employees as well as making them feel good about themselves

•     Intrinsic motivators represent less tangible, more emotional needs as well as challenging work

•     Extrinsic motivators represent more tangible and basic needs such as job security, pay, and fringe benefits

•     Motivational factors

•     Career advancement

•     Personal Growth

•     Recognition

•     Achievement

•     Responsibility

•    Hygiene

•     Factor that has the effect to demotivate workers

•     Affect the conditions of the workplace

•     Elements of life or work that don’t increase satisfaction but can lead to dissatisfaction if they are missing

•     Hygiene factors

•     Rate of pay

•     Relations with others

•     Quality of supervision

•     Job security

•     Company Policies

•     Satisfaction and dissatisfaction

•     Satisfaction and dissatisfaction are independent of one another where one can increase and the other doesn’t have to diminish

•     Satisfaction– Motivator factors

•     Dissatisfaction- Hygiene factors

•     First step- eliminate job dissatisfaction

•     To get rid of hygiene factors which cause dissatisfaction

            Fix obstructive company policies

            provide supportive and non-intrusive supervision

            Create and support respect and dignity

            Ensure wages are competitive

            Build job status by providing meaningful work

•     Second step- Create job satisfaction

•     Provide opportunities for achievement

•     Give credit for work done to who did it

•     Create rewarding work that compliments the skills of the employee

•     Provide advancement opportunities

•     Offer development opportunities

•     Conclusion

•     By correcting hygiene matters, the working environment will improve which will help keep employees happy as well

•     By following Herzberg’s theory, the business and its workers will benefit

•     Motivated and happy workers will boost productivity